Palabras clave
Poluição atmosférica
Temperatura
Sazonalidade
Exposição solar
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo sintetizar críticamente la evidencia científica disponible sobre la asociación entre factores ambientales y la incidencia de epistaxis en niños. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de estudios observacionales que evaluaron la relación entre variables meteorológicas o contaminantes del aire y los casos de epistaxis pediátrica. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2024, sin restricción geográfica. Resultados: Se analizaron más de 250.000 casos pediátricos. Se identificó una correlación positiva entre la epistaxis y el aumento de la temperatura promedio, la exposición solar y la concentración de ozono (O₃). La presión atmosférica, el monóxido de carbono (CO) y el dióxido de azufre (SO₂) presentaron correlación inversa. La edad, la rinitis alérgica y el nivel socioeconómico fueron modificadores importantes del riesgo. Conclusión: La epistaxis pediátrica presenta un patrón estacional y está asociada con factores ambientales y sociales, lo que exige estrategias preventivas y políticas públicas integradas durante los períodos de mayor riesgo.
Referencias
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