Resumo
A introdução da Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Ativa transformou a infecção pelo HIV em uma condição crônica, porém associada a comorbidades metabólicas e cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a eficácia do treinamento aeróbico nos marcadores imunológicos, capacidade funcional e perfil metabólico de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados na base de dados PubMed, selecionando estudos com intervenções aeróbicas supervisionadas em adultos. Os resultados demonstraram que o treinamento aeróbico é seguro, não alterando a carga viral, e promoveu um aumento significativo na contagem de células T CD4+, com um tamanho de efeito de 0,402, especialmente em pacientes com maior reserva imunológica. Houve melhoria robusta na aptidão cardiorrespiratória, evidenciada pelo aumento do consumo máximo de oxigênio (tamanho de efeito de 1,050), e na sensibilidade à insulina, além de redução da gordura visceral. Os parâmetros lipídicos apresentaram respostas variáveis, sendo mais eficazes na redução do colesterol LDL quando combinados com terapia farmacológica. Conclui-se que o exercício aeróbico constitui uma estratégia terapêutica segura e essencial, devendo ser integrado ao tratamento padrão para mitigar o risco cardiometabólico e auxiliar na reconstituição imune funcional.
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